PLANTAE
Plantae
(Metaphyta)- A kingdom that includes all the plants. The Kingdom
plantae can be defined as multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes, which conduct
photosynthesis. All member of this family comprises of true nucleus and advanced
membrane bound organelles. They are quite different from animals. The Kingdom
Plantae contains about 300,000 different species of plants.
Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics
1.Most of the plants are eukaryotic and chlorophyll
containing organisms.2.Cell walls of plant cells are comprised of cellulose.
3.They have an ability to grow by cell division.
4.Plants have both organs and organ systems.
5.They obtain their energy from sun through photosynthesis.
6.Plants reproduce both by sexual and asexual.
7.Plants develop a self defense mechanism to protect them from being destroyed by animals, fungi and other plants.
8.They lack motility.
CLASSIFICATION
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Classification
of Plants- Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae
In 1883, A.W. Eichler gave a system of classification for the whole plant kingdom. it is a traditional system as well as a phylogenetic system of classification of plants. Eichler classified the plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms. They are Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.
In 1883, A.W. Eichler gave a system of classification for the whole plant kingdom. it is a traditional system as well as a phylogenetic system of classification of plants. Eichler classified the plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms. They are Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.
Cryptogamae
The cryptogams are flowerless and seedless plants. They are simple plants like algae, mosses and ferns which do not produce flowers, fruits and seeds. Cryptogams are considered as lower plants.
The cryptogams are flowerless and seedless plants. They are simple plants like algae, mosses and ferns which do not produce flowers, fruits and seeds. Cryptogams are considered as lower plants.
Characteristics
of Division - Thallophyta:
All kinds of algae belong to this group.
These plants have –
1. Simple, soft, thread like body without roots, stem and leaves.
2. Aquatic habitat, autotrophic nutrition.
Example: Ulothrix, Chara, Spirogyra.
All kinds of algae belong to this group.
These plants have –
1. Simple, soft, thread like body without roots, stem and leaves.
2. Aquatic habitat, autotrophic nutrition.
Example: Ulothrix, Chara, Spirogyra.
Characteristics
of Division- Bryophyta:
1. These
are primitive, multicellular, autotrophic, shade loving, amphibious plants.
2. They reproduce by spore formation.
3. They have thin, soft, plate like green body without true stem, leaves or roots. There is no vascular system.
4. Root like structures called rhizoids are present.
2. They reproduce by spore formation.
3. They have thin, soft, plate like green body without true stem, leaves or roots. There is no vascular system.
4. Root like structures called rhizoids are present.
Characteristics
of Division –Pteridophyta:
1. These plants are multicellular, autotrophic.
2. The plant body is differentiated into roots; stem and leaves. They usually have small leaflets.
3. They posses a simple vascular tissue.
4. They reproduce asexually by spores and sexually by formation of gametes.
2. The plant body is differentiated into roots; stem and leaves. They usually have small leaflets.
3. They posses a simple vascular tissue.
4. They reproduce asexually by spores and sexually by formation of gametes.
Phanerogamae
Phanerogams are flowering plants.
1. Plant body of Phanerogams is well differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
2. They have vascular tissue and reproductive tissue, which ultimately make seeds.
3. The
group is further classified on whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in a
fruit.
Phanerogams are flowering plants.
1. Plant body of Phanerogams is well differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
2. They have vascular tissue and reproductive tissue, which ultimately make seeds.
Characteristics
of Division- Gymnosperms (Gymno - naked, sperma - seeds):
1. These plants are evergreen, perennial, having un-branched stems and conifer leaves.
2. These plants bear separate male and female flowers called as “Cones”.
3. They do not form fruits and their seeds are open. (Naked)
Example: Cycas, Pinus, Cedrus, etc.
1. These plants are evergreen, perennial, having un-branched stems and conifer leaves.
2. These plants bear separate male and female flowers called as “Cones”.
3. They do not form fruits and their seeds are open. (Naked)
Example: Cycas, Pinus, Cedrus, etc.
Characteristics
of Division - Angiosperms:
1. These plants bear flowers as reproductive organs. Seeds develop inside the fruit.
2. Seeds may have a single cotyledon or two cotyledons. (Dicotyledonous Plants)
1. These plants bear flowers as reproductive organs. Seeds develop inside the fruit.
2. Seeds may have a single cotyledon or two cotyledons. (Dicotyledonous Plants)
Ex-fruits,vegetables.
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